Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Software-defined Networks (SDN) over traditional
networks?
A
Explanation:
SDN does not provide any advantage in terms of having network elements operate autonomously.
The other three options are all advantages of SDN over traditional networks.
Network elements operating autonomously is NOT an advantage of Software-defined Networks
(SDN) over traditional networks. SDN aims to centralize control plane operations and provide a
global view of the network's state, enabling more efficient and flexible network management. By
decoupling the control plane from the data plane, SDN separates the management logic from the
forwarding hardware, allowing for centralized and programmable network control.
some of the advantages of Software-defined Networks (SDN) over traditional networks are:
Traffic programmability
Agility
Policy-driven network supervision
Network automation
Centralized controller operations
Decoupling of control plane from data plane
Global view of network’s state
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) over traditional
networks?
C
Explanation:
An integrated control plane and data plane is NOT an advantage of Software-Defined Networks (SDN)
over traditional networks. SDN separates the control plane from the data plane, enabling more
efficient and flexible network management. By centralizing the network logic at the controller level,
applications can communicate directly with the controller, allowing for greater agility in automating,
monitoring, and provisioning network infrastructure.
some of the advantages of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) over traditional networks are:
Traffic programmability
Agility
Policy-driven network supervision
Network automation
Centralized controller operations
Decoupling of control plane from data plane
Global view of network’s state
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of virtualization?
D
Explanation:
some of the benefits of virtualization are:
Reduced capital and operating costs
Better scalability
Vendor agnostic
Higher availability and resiliency
Environmentally friendly
Virtualization enables decoupling of the software and hardware components, so that software can be
deployed on any hardware platform without requiring the hardware to be specifically designed for
the software. The other three options are all benefits of virtualization.
Software and hardware are tightly coupled is NOT a benefit of virtualization. Virtualization allows
software to run independently of the hardware, enabling greater flexibility and scalability. This leads
to reduced capital and operating costs, as well as vendor agnostic solutions.
"The automated configuration, coordination, and management of large virtualized systems,
middleware, and services" describes which of the following?
B
Explanation:
orchestration is the automated configuration, coordination, and management of computer systems
and software. Orchestration takes advantage of several tasks that are usually automated to create a
more complex workflow.
An orchestrator is a software tool that is used to automate the configuration, coordination, and
management of large virtualized systems, middleware, and services. The other three options are not
related to the automated configuration, coordination, and management of large virtualized systems,
middleware, and services.
Orchestrator is described as "the automated configuration, coordination, and management of large
virtualized systems, middleware, and services." The orchestrator is a key component of network
automation, enabling the automation and management of complex network functions across
multiple devices and platforms.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Containers?
C
Explanation:
some of the characteristics of containers are:
Resistant and strong
Designed to facilitate transport of goods
Easy for stuffing or destuffing
Fitted with facilities for easy handling
Airtight and water-resistant
Predictable and repeatable
Self-contained and isolated
Ever-changing is not a characteristic of containers. Containers are designed to be predictable,
repeatable, and self-contained. They are isolated from the underlying infrastructure and provide a
consistent environment for applications to run in, regardless of the host OS.
Which of the following statements about the Nokia NSP is FALSE?
D
Explanation:
The Nokia NSP is an IP network automation platform that provides a unified view of the network and
enables end-to-end automation of IP networks. It is designed to be vendor-agnostic and can manage
a wide range of equipment from various vendors, making it the Source of Truth for the entire
network. It uses NETCONF and YANG to provision the network and can act as a Path Computation
Element (PCE).
Nokia NSP is a network automation platform that supports multi-vendor network infrastructure. It
acts as the "Source of Truth" for the network, uses NETCONF and YANG to provision the network, and
can act as a Path Computation Element (PCE) to optimize traffic flow across the network. It supports
a wide range of network devices, including those from third-party vendors, making it a flexible and
vendor-agnostic solution for network automation.
some of the statements about the Nokia NSP are:
It is a platform that provides service automation and network optimization across multiple network
layers and domains.
It uses NETCONF and YANG to provision the network and supports various protocols such as BGP-LS,
PCEP, SNMP, etc.
It can act as a Path Computation Element (PCE) and provide end-to-end path computation for traffic
engineering applications.
It can manage equipment from multiple vendors and supports open interfaces and standards.
http://nsp.developer.nokia.com/
https://www.nokia.com/networks/training/nsp/
Which of the following statements about Nokia's Network Services Platform (NSP) Model-driven
Mediation (MDM) framework is FALSE?
D
Explanation:
The Nokia NSP Model-driven Mediation (MDM) framework is based on the YANG data model, uses
the NETCONF protocol, and provides an abstracted view of the network element. However, it is
designed to be vendor-specific, meaning it is designed to only manage Nokia equipment.
It provides an abstracted view of the network element is FALSE regarding Nokia's Network Services
Platform (NSP) Model-driven Mediation (MDM) framework. MDM provides a way to interface
between the Nokia NSP and network elements from different vendors. It is based on the YANG data
model and uses the NETCONF protocol to provide configuration and management capabilities for
network devices. However, MDM does not provide an abstracted view of the network element.
Instead, it translates the native configuration of the network element into a standardized YANG
model, allowing the NSP to manage the network element in a vendor-agnostic way.
According to the NSP NSD and NRC 18.6 Planning Guide1, Model-Driven Mediation (MDM) is a
component within the NSP architecture that provides mediation between model-driven NSP
applications and Nokia or third-party network devices. MDM provides an adaptation layer which uses
adaptors to convert NSP application requests to device specific directives using standard protocols
such as NETCONF, SNMP and CLI over SSH or Telnet12. MDM also provides an abstracted view of the
network element3.
Which of the following protocols or standards is NOT used in Model Driven Telemetry?
A
Explanation:
CLI is not used in Model Driven Telemetry. Model Driven Telemetry is a technology that uses YANG
data models, NETCONF, gRPC and KAFKA to monitor and collect data from network elements. It
provides an abstracted view of the network element and is vendor agnostic.
Model Driven Telemetry is a method of collecting real-time data from network devices, allowing for
more efficient network monitoring and troubleshooting. It uses a variety of protocols and standards,
including NETCONF, gRPC, and Kafka. However, CLI is a text-based user interface used for issuing
commands to a device, and it is not typically used for collecting telemetry data.
According to the Nokia Network Services Platform for industry and the public sector datasheet1, NSP
model-driven telemetry framework supports the Nokia SR OS and third-party devices in configuring
and collecting performance statistics using gRPC, SNMP, NETCONF and accounting files such as SAP
QoS1. It also enables data to be persisted in a database and be made available (e.g., over
a Kafka bus) for a variety of use cases1.
Which of the following statements about the NSP Workflow Manager (WFM) application is FALSE?
B
Explanation:
The NSP Workflow Manager (WFM) application allows network management tasks to be automated
by creating workflows. Multiple workflows can be run in parallel, and actions and expressions are
extensible using Python. Additionally, a workflow action can run against RESTCONF APIs.
According to the NSP Release 19.11 Workflow Manager Application Help1, Workflow Manager
(WFM) is an application that allows network management tasks to be automated using Nokia NSP or
third-party APIs1. WFM supports a variety of use cases such as node software upgrades, service
activation tests, service fulfillment and mass migration of services12. WFM uses actions and
expressions that are extensible using Python1. A workflow action can run against RESTCONF APIs as
well as other protocols such as SNMP, NETCONF and CLI1.
Match the following description with its meaning.
X - "uses Playbooks, written in simple YAML, that defines server configuration."
Y - "workflow service that aims to provide a way to define, manage, and execute tasks and workflows
in the cloud without writing code.''
Z - "a detailed specification for the desired network configuration.''
W - "an application that allows the creation of complex operational workflows using an intuitive
GUI.''
D
Which of the following is NOT part of the Augmented Assurance features provided by the NSP?
C
Explanation:
Augmented Assurance is a feature that provides “extended automated network operations” with
“open APIs and no-code customizable workflows”. Another source2 mentions that NSP offers
“automated repetitive tasks and complex workflows” to reduce operating costs.
The Augmented Assurance features provided by the NSP (Nokia Network Services Platform) include:
A. Sorting NEs by highest severity issues B. Intelligent visualization D. On-demand OAM testing
Which of the following statements about Model-Driven Mediation (MDM) is FALSE?
A
Explanation:
Model-Driven Mediation (MDM) is a component that provides mediation between model-driven NSP
applications and Nokia or third-party network devices. It uses adaptors to convert NSP application
requests to device specific directives using standard protocols such as NETCONF, SNMP and CLI over
SSH or Telnet.
This statement is false because MDM can communicate with devices that only support CLI
(Command Line Interface) using a translation module that converts CLI commands to NETCONF or
RESTCONF protocols. MDM acts as a mediator between the northbound system and the southbound
devices by translating device configuration to a standard format that can be consumed by the
northbound system.
The other statements are true:
B. It is the foundation for supporting multi-vendor device management. C. It provides the translation
between the AMI and device model. D. It can interface with devices that support OpenConfig gRPC
Network Management Interface.
Reference: Nokia NSP IP Network Automation Professional Guide, page 83-85.
Which of the following statements about REST and RESTCONF is FALSE?
D
Explanation:
REST and RESTCONF APIs provide a single entry point into the consolidated suite of NSP
applications. Another source2 mentions that NSP REST gateway provides access to NSD and NRC
functionalities through REST API services. A third source3 explains that RESTCONF is an HTTP-based
protocol that performs CRUD operations on data using YANG models.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ZTP?
B
Explanation:
The option that is NOT a benefit of ZTP (Zero Touch Provisioning) is:
B. Increases network throughput.
ZTP is a network device deployment method that automates the initial configuration process of
network devices, eliminating the need for manual intervention. The benefits of ZTP include:
A. Lowers overall time for network rollout C. Optimizes costs D. Minimizes the amount of commands
typed
ZTP is a method of setting up devices that automatically configures the device using a switch
feature. Another source2 mentions that ZTP helps IT teams quickly deploy network devices in a
large-scale environment, eliminating most of the manual labor involved with adding them to a
network. A third source3 explains that ZTP uses Cisco Plug and Play (Cisco PnP) to verify devices and
perform downloads over a secure, encrypted channel.
Which of the following HTTP methods is NOT supported by REST/RESTCONF?
E
Explanation:
The HTTP methods that are supported by REST/RESTCONF are:
OPTIONS: Used to retrieve the communication options available for a resource.
GET: Used to retrieve a representation of a resource.
PATCH: Used to apply a partial update to a resource.
POST: Used to create a new resource or trigger a specific action.
The HTTP method TRACE is not supported by REST/RESTCONF.
Reference: Nokia NSP IP Network Automation Professional Guide, page 77.