Access-layer devices are required to provide access for a large number of information terminals on
both telecom networks and campus networks. Access-layer devices use various technologies.
Huawei’s broadband "access network" devices refer to the copper line access devices that mainly use
the xDSL technology and the optical access devices that mainly use the PON technology.
A
Explanation:
Huawei's broadband access network devices are designed to support multiple technologies for
providing connectivity to end users. These devices primarily include:
Copper Line Access Devices : These devices use xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology, which is
widely used for broadband access over traditional telephone lines. Examples include ADSL, VDSL,
and G.fast.
Optical Access Devices : These devices use PON (Passive Optical Network) technology, which is a
fiber-optic-based access technology. GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) and XGS-PON (10-
Gigabit Symmetric Passive Optical Network) are examples of PON technologies.
The statement aligns perfectly with the HCIA Huawei ACCESS documentation, which emphasizes the
role of access-layer devices in supporting both copper and fiber-based technologies.
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: Access Technologies Overview.
GPON and xDSL Technology Whitepaper by Huawei.
The GPON technology is integrated with the ( ) to provide terminal devices that meet various
application scenarios.
D
Explanation:
GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is a fiber-optic access technology that integrates seamlessly
with VoIP (Voice over IP) technology to provide voice services alongside data and video services. This
integration allows GPON to support triple-play services (voice, data, and video) over a single fiber
infrastructure.
xDSL : Refers to copper-based technologies and is not directly integrated with GPON.
Ethernet : While GPON uses Ethernet frames for data transmission, it is not the primary integration
point for application scenarios.
WLAN : Wireless LAN is a separate technology and not directly integrated with GPON.
VoIP : Voice over IP is a key application scenario for GPON, enabling high-quality voice services over
fiber-optic networks.
This is explicitly mentioned in the HCIA Huawei ACCESS documentation, which highlights the role of
GPON in delivering converged services, including VoIP.
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: GPON Technology and Applications.
Triple-Play Services in GPON Networks by Huawei.
Which of the following protocols works at the transport layer and is connectionless-oriented?
C
Explanation:
The transport layer in the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end communication and includes two
main protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) .
IP (Internet Protocol) : Works at the network layer and is responsible for routing packets across
networks.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) : Works at the network layer and maps IP addresses to MAC
addresses.
TCP : A connection-oriented protocol at the transport layer that ensures reliable communication
through acknowledgments and retransmissions.
UDP : A connectionless-oriented protocol at the transport layer that provides faster but less reliable
communication compared to TCP.
Since the question specifies a connectionless-oriented protocol at the transport layer, the correct
answer is UDP .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: Transport Layer Protocols.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite Overview by Huawei.
Which of the following statements about IP routes are correct?
B
Explanation:
Let us analyze each option:
Option A : Incorrect. A route does not include MAC addresses. It typically consists of a destination
network, subnet mask, next-hop address, and outgoing interface.
Option B : Correct. IP routes are essential for guiding the forwarding of IP packets from the source to
the destination. Routers use routing tables to determine the best path for packet delivery.
Option C : Incorrect. Routing is a concept at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, not the
data link layer (Layer 2).
Option D : Incorrect. A route does not require the source address. It only needs the destination
network, subnet mask, and next-hop information.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: IP Routing Basics.
Routing Fundamentals in IP Networks by Huawei.
The routing table of a router contains the following two entries:
Destination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface
9.0.0.0/8 OSPF 10 50 1.1.1.1 Serial0
9.1.0.0/16 RIP 100 5 2.2.2.2 Ethernet0
If the router needs to forward packets with the destination address of 9.1.4.5, which of the following
statements is correct?
B
Explanation:
When a router forwards packets, it selects the route with the longest prefix match (most specific
route) for the destination address.
First Route : Matches 9.0.0.0/8, which covers all IP addresses starting with 9.
Second Route : Matches 9.1.0.0/16, which is more specific and covers IP addresses starting with 9.1.
For the destination address 9.1.4.5 , the second route (9.1.0.0/16) is a better match because it is
more specific than the first route (9.0.0.0/8).
Option A : Incorrect. OSPF has a higher priority, but the longest prefix match takes precedence over
priority.
Option B : Correct. The second route matches the destination address more accurately.
Option C : Incorrect. Metric is not considered when comparing routes with different prefix lengths.
Option D : Incorrect. Interface speed is irrelevant in route selection.
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: IP Routing Table Selection.
Routing Principles and Longest Prefix Match by Huawei.
On an Ethernet network, ARP packets are classified into ARP Request packets and ARP Response
packets. In the initial communication phase, how are ARP Request packets transmitted on the
network?
D
Explanation:
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses in a local
network. ARP operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and is essential for
communication within a LAN.
ARP Request :
When a device needs to communicate with another device on the same network but does not know
the destination's MAC address, it sends an ARP Request .
Since the sender does not know the MAC address of the destination, it cannot send the request
directly to the destination using unicast. Instead, the ARP Request is sent as a broadcast packet to all
devices on the local network.
The broadcast packet has a destination MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, which ensures that all
devices on the network receive the packet.
ARP Response :
The device with the matching IP address responds with an ARP Reply , which is sent as a unicast
packet back to the requesting device.
Why Not Other Options?
Anycast : This involves sending packets to the nearest device in a group of devices sharing the same
IP address. ARP does not use anycast.
Unicast : ARP Requests cannot be sent as unicast because the sender does not yet know the
destination's MAC address.
Multicast : Multicast is used for sending packets to a specific group of devices, but ARP Requests are
sent to all devices on the network, making broadcast the correct choice.
Thus, ARP Requests are transmitted as broadcast packets .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: ARP Protocol and Operation.
Ethernet Networking Fundamentals by Huawei.
The Ethernet II packet header (without the VLAN tag) contains ( ) bytes?
C
Explanation:
The Ethernet II frame is the most commonly used Ethernet frame format. It consists of several fields,
and its structure is well-defined in networking standards.
Structure of the Ethernet II Header :
Destination MAC Address (6 bytes) : Specifies the MAC address of the intended recipient.
Source MAC Address (6 bytes) : Specifies the MAC address of the sender.
EtherType (2 bytes) : Indicates the protocol encapsulated in the payload (e.g., IPv4, ARP).
Total Size :
The Ethernet II header without a VLAN tag is 14 bytes in size.
If a VLAN tag is added (using IEEE 802.1Q), the header size increases to 18 bytes due to the
additional 4-byte VLAN tag.
Why Not Other Options?
32 bytes : This is incorrect because the Ethernet II header is much smaller.
22 bytes : This is incorrect because the header size is fixed at 14 bytes (without VLAN tagging).
18 bytes : This would only apply if VLAN tagging were included, which is not specified in the
question.
Thus, the correct answer is 14 bytes .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: Ethernet Frame Structure.
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standards .
The 48-bit MAC addresses of computer network interface cards are allocated by the IETF to vendors
and globally unique.
B
Explanation:
MAC (Media Access Control) addresses are 48-bit identifiers assigned to network interfaces for
communication on a local network.
Allocation of MAC Addresses :
MAC addresses are not allocated by the IETF . Instead, they are managed and assigned by the IEEE
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) .
The IEEE assigns blocks of MAC addresses to hardware manufacturers (vendors), who then assign
unique MAC addresses to their devices.
Structure of MAC Addresses :
The first 24 bits (Organizationally Unique Identifier, OUI) identify the manufacturer.
The remaining 24 bits are assigned by the manufacturer to ensure global uniqueness.
Why FALSE?
The statement incorrectly attributes the allocation of MAC addresses to the IETF, which is responsible
for Internet standards like TCP/IP, not MAC address allocation.
Thus, the correct answer is FALSE .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: MAC Addressing.
IEEE OUI Assignment Process .
Which method is not used for VLAN categorization?
C
Explanation:
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are used to logically segment a network into smaller broadcast
domains. VLANs can be categorized using various methods:
Port-Based VLANs :
VLAN membership is determined by the switch port to which a device is connected.
Example: Ports 1–10 belong to VLAN 10, and ports 11–20 belong to VLAN 20.
Protocol-Based VLANs :
VLAN membership is determined by the protocol type (e.g., IPv4, IPv6, or AppleTalk) in the packet
header.
MAC Address-Based VLANs :
VLAN membership is determined by the MAC address of the device.
Example: Devices with specific MAC addresses are assigned to VLAN 10.
Physical Location-Based VLANs :
VLANs are not categorized based on physical locations. While VLANs can be used to group devices in
different physical locations, this is not a standard method of VLAN categorization.
Thus, the correct answer is C , as VLANs are not categorized based on physical locations.
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: VLAN Technologies.
VLAN Segmentation Methods by Huawei.
Which of the following statements about VLANs are incorrect ?
A,C
Explanation:
Let us analyze each statement carefully:
Option A :
Incorrect : In inter-VLAN communication, hosts in different VLANs cannot directly communicate with
each other because VLANs are isolated at Layer 2. Communication between VLANs requires a Layer 3
device (e.g., a router or Layer 3 switch).
Hosts do not learn the MAC addresses of devices in other VLANs. Instead, they communicate through
a gateway (router or VLANIF interface), and the gateway handles the forwarding.
Option B :
Correct : A VLAN is indeed a broadcast domain . Devices within the same VLAN share the same
broadcast traffic, while devices in different VLANs do not.
Option C :
Incorrect : A VLAN is not a collision domain. Collision domains are defined at the data link layer
(Layer 2) and are associated with individual switch ports or hubs. VLANs are logical groupings that
span multiple switch ports and do not represent collision domains.
Option D :
Correct : VLANIF interfaces (also called Switch Virtual Interfaces, SVIs ) are logical Layer 3 interfaces
configured on switches to enable inter-VLAN routing. These interfaces allow communication
between VLANs by acting as gateways for each VLAN.
Thus, the incorrect statements are A and C .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: VLAN Fundamentals.
Inter-VLAN Routing and VLANIF Interfaces by Huawei.
Which of the following are common VLAN link types of Ethernet switches?
A,B,C
Explanation:
VLAN link types define how VLAN traffic is handled on switch ports. The three common VLAN link
types are:
Access Ports :
Used to connect end devices (e.g., PCs, printers) to the switch.
An access port belongs to only one VLAN and carries untagged traffic for that VLAN.
Example: A PC connected to an access port in VLAN 10 sends and receives untagged traffic.
Trunk Ports :
Used to connect switches or routers to carry traffic for multiple VLANs.
Trunk ports tag traffic with VLAN IDs using IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation.
Example: A trunk port connecting two switches carries tagged traffic for VLANs 10, 20, and 30.
Hybrid Ports :
A hybrid port can carry both tagged and untagged traffic.
It is flexible and can be used for scenarios where a mix of tagged and untagged traffic is required.
Example: A hybrid port might send untagged traffic for VLAN 10 and tagged traffic for VLAN 20.
Mix :
This is not a standard VLAN link type and does not exist in Ethernet switch configurations.
Thus, the correct answers are A (Trunk) , B (Access) , and C (Hybrid) .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: VLAN Link Types.
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging Standards .
Which of the following statements about static routes is correct?
A
Explanation:
Static routes are manually configured by network administrators and are not dynamically updated by
routing protocols. Let us analyze each option:
Option A :
Correct : Static routes are manually added to the routing table by the administrator. They remain
unchanged unless manually modified or removed.
Option B :
Incorrect : Static routes are not automatically recalculated when the network topology changes. If a
static route becomes invalid due to a topology change, the administrator must manually update it.
Option C :
Incorrect : Static routes are not learned from other routing protocols. Routes learned from dynamic
protocols (e.g., OSPF, RIP) are dynamic routes, not static routes.
Option D :
Incorrect : Static routes are not preconfigured on routers before delivery. They are configured by
administrators based on the network design.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: Static Routing.
Routing Protocols and Static Routes by Huawei.
Which of the following statements about static route configuration is correct?
D
Explanation:
When configuring a static route, certain parameters are required for the route to function correctly.
Let us analyze each option:
Option A :
Incorrect : The preference (or administrative distance) is optional. If not specified, the router uses the
default preference value for static routes.
Option B :
Incorrect : While the next-hop IP address is commonly used in static route configuration, it is not
always mandatory. For example, you can specify an outgoing interface instead of a next-hop address.
Option C :
Incorrect : The subnet mask is essential for defining the network prefix of the destination network.
Without the mask, the router cannot determine the range of IP addresses covered by the route.
Option D :
Correct : The subnet mask is mandatory when configuring a static route. It defines the network
portion of the destination IP address, enabling the router to match packets to the correct route.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: Static Route Configuration.
IP Routing and Subnet Masks by Huawei.
Which of the following indicator status indicates that the MA5600T/MA5680T control board is
running properly?
B
Explanation:
The MA5600T/MA5680T is a Huawei Optical Line Terminal (OLT) device used in GPON networks. The
status of the control board's indicator lights provides critical information about the device's
operational state.
Option A :
Incorrect : If the green light is on and off repeatedly without a specific pattern, it may indicate an
unstable or faulty state.
Option B :
Correct : A steady green light indicates that the control board is running properly and is in a normal
operating state. This is the expected status for a healthy control board.
Option C :
Incorrect : A blinking pattern of 0.5s on and 0.5s off typically indicates that the control board is in a
transitional state, such as booting up or initializing.
Option D :
Incorrect : A rapid blinking pattern of 0.25s on and 0.25s off usually signifies an alarm or error
condition.
Thus, the correct answer is B , as a steady green light indicates normal operation.
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: OLT Device Indicators.
MA5600T/MA5680T Maintenance Manual by Huawei.
Generally, an OLT is a switch or router and a multi-service provisioning platform.
A
Explanation:
An OLT (Optical Line Terminal) is a key component in fiber-optic access networks, particularly in
GPON and XGS-PON systems. It serves multiple roles:
Switch or Router Role :
The OLT acts as a Layer 2/Layer 3 switch or router, aggregating traffic from multiple ONUs (Optical
Network Units) and forwarding it to the core network.
Multi-Service Provisioning Platform :
The OLT supports multiple services, including Internet access (data), voice (VoIP), and video (IPTV). It
integrates these services over a single fiber infrastructure, making it a versatile platform for service
providers.
Why TRUE?
The statement accurately describes the OLT's functionality as both a switch/router and a multi-
service provisioning platform.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: OLT Functionality.
GPON System Architecture by Huawei.